[174] 約翰娜·尼克爾斯計算出167種美洲語言的“庫”。斯蒂芬·奧本海默觀察到，南美洲的語言比北美洲多得多。他繪製了一張世界各地的圖表，對語言的多樣杏和人類的職業分期谨行調整。他的圖表基本顯示出一條直線。也就是説，在時間砷度和語言多樣杏之間存在一種直接的關係，Oppenheimer,Op.cit.,p.299。關於威廉·薩瑟蘭認為世界上有6809種語言的觀點，see New Scientist,17 May 2003,p.22。
[175] Rudgley,Op.cit.,p.39.
[176] Terence Grieder,Origins of Pre-Columbian Art,Austin:University of Texas Press,1982.
[177] Oppenheimer,Op.cit.,p.304.
[178] Colin Renfrew and Daniel Nettle(editors),Nostratic:Examining a Linguistic Macrofamily,Cambridge,England:McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research,1999,p.5.
[179] Ibid.,p.130.
[180] Ibid.,pp.12—13.
[181] Nicholas Wade,‘Genes are telling 50000-year-old story of the origins of Europeans’,New York Times,14 November 2000,p.F9.
[182] Renfrew and Nettle(editors),Op.cit.,pp.53—67;Merritt Ruhlen,The Origin of Languages,New York:Wiley,1994.Luigi Cavalli-Sforza and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza,The Great Human Diasporas,New York:Addison-Wesley,1995,pp.174—177 and pp.185—186.
[183] Renfrew and Nettle(editors),Op.cit.,p.68.
[184] Ibid.,pp.68—69.
[185] Ibid.,pp.54 and 398.
[186] Gyula Décsy,‘Beyond Nostratic in time and space’,in Renfrew and Nettle(editors),Op.cit.,pp.127—135.
[187] Steven Pinker and P.Bloom,‘Natural language and natural selection’,Behavioural and Brain Science,vol.13,1990,pp.707—784.Robin Dunbar,Grooming,Gossip and the Evolution of Language,London:Faber&Faber,1996.
[188] Mellars and Stringer,Op.cit.,p.485.
[189] Ibid.,p.459.
[190] Ibid.,pp.468—469.
[191] Donald,Origins of the Modern Mind,Op.cit.,p.215.
[192] Ibid.,p.334.
[193] Ibid.,pp.333—334.
[194] Mellars and Stringer,Op.cit.,p.356.
[195] Alexander Marshack,‘Upper Palaeolithic notation and symbols’,Science,vol.178,1972,pp.817—828.
[196] Franceso d’Errico,‘A new model and its implications for the origin of writing:the La Marche Antler revisited’,Cambridge Archaeological Journal,vol.5,number 2,October 1995,pp.163—206.
[197] Rudgley,Op.cit.,p.74.
[198] Ibid.,p.77.
[199] Ibid.,p.79.‘Three is the magic number alphabets have in common’,New Scientist,12 February 2005,p.16.
[200] Donald,Origins of the Modern Mind,Op.cit.,p.348.
[201] Mithen,After the Ice,Op.cit.,p.54.
[202] Ibid.,pp.12—13.
[203] Chris Scarre,‘Climate change and faunal extinction at the end of the Pleistocene’,chapter 5 of The Human Past,edited by Chris Scarre,London:Thames&Hudson,forthcoming,p.13.
[204] David R.Harris(editor),The Origin and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia,London:University College London Press,1996,p.135.
[205] Ibid.,p.144.
[206] Ibid.
[207] Goudsblom,Op.cit.,p.47.
[208] Scarre,Op.cit.,p.11.
[209] Harris(editor),Op.cit.,pp.266—267.有關豬的參考書，see Scarre,Op.cit.,pp.9ff。
[210] New Scientist,10 August 2002,p.17.
[211] Harris(editor),Op.cit.,p.264.Bob Holmes,‘Manna or millstone,’New Scientist,18 September 2004,pp.29—31.
[212] Daniel Hillel,Out of the Earth,London:Aurum,1992,p.73.
[213] Mark Nathan Cohen,The Food Crisis in Prehistory,New Haven:Yale University Press,1977.
[214] Groube,‘The impact of diseases upon the emergence of agriculture’in Harris(editor),Op.cit.,pp.101—129.
[215] V.G.Childe,Man Makes Himself,London:Watts,1941.
[216] Ibid.,pp.554—555.
[217] Jacques Cauvin,The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture,Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press,2000(French publication,1994,translation:Trevor Watkins),p.15.
[218] Ibid.,p.16.
[219] Ibid.,p.22.
[220] Ibid.,pp.39—48.See also:Ian Hodder,The Domestication of Europe,Oxford:Blackwell,1990,pp.34—35,參考相關的理論。
[221] Cauvin,Op.cit.,p.44.關於約旦貝達的曲線纺屋，see John Graham Clark,World Prehistory,Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press,1977,p.50。
[222] Cauvin,Op.cit.,p.69.
[223] Ibid.,p.125.
